All of following are components of the laissez-faire perspective in the development of social ...

All of following are components of the laissez-faire perspective in the development of social welfare except:
 
  a. the problems of the poor are perceived as a matter of personal failure that would only be perpetuated by government programs
 b. people become poor or needy as a result of changing social institutions such as economic globalization
 c. social responsibility for the vulnerable members of society would be carried out through volunteerism aimed at encouraging personal responsibility.
 d. work is considered the only justifiable means of survival