Summarize the different types of behavior patterns, identified by Knopf, that helping professionals ...

Knopf has identified several types of behavior patterns that helping professionals choose in dealing with bureaucracies.
The warrior leads open campaigns to destroy and malign the system. A warrior discounts the value of the system and often enters into a win-lose conflict. She or he generally loses and is dismissed.

The gossip is a covert warrior who complains to others (including clients, politicians, and the news media) about how terrible the system is. A gossip frequently singles out a few officials to focus criticism on. Bureaucratic systems often make life very difficult for the gossip by assigning distasteful tasks, refusing to promote, giving very low salary increases, and perhaps even dismissing.

The complainer resembles a gossip but confines complaints to other helping persons, to in-house staff, and to family members. A complainer wants people to agree in order to find comfort in shared misery. Complainers want to stay with the system, and they generally do.

The dancer is skillful at ignoring rules and procedures. Dancers frequently are lonely. They are often reprimanded for incorrectly filling out forms, and they have low investment in the system or in helping clients.

The defender is timid and dislikes conflict and therefore defends the rules, the system, and bureaucratic officials. Defenders often are supervisors and are viewed by others as being bureaucrats.

The machine is a bureaucrat who takes on the orientation of the bureaucracy. Often a machine has not been involved in providing direct services for years. Machines are frequently named to head study committees and policy groups and to chair boards.

The executioner attacks persons within an organization with enthusiasm and vigor. An executioner usually has a high energy level and is impulsive. He or she abuses power by indiscriminately attacking and dismissing not only employees but also services and programs. Executioners have power and are angry (although the anger is disguised/denied). They are committed neither to the value orientation of helping professionals nor to the bureaucracy.