Regarding the development of identity, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding the development of identity, which of the following statements is FALSE?
 
  a. Everyone eventually grapples with an identity crisis, whether in adolescence or in adulthood.
  b. Some adolescents develop ego identity by modeling themselves after others, without soul-searching or self- examination.
  c. Some contemporary scholars prefer to use the term exploration, rather than crisis, to describe the period of soul-searching and self-examination associated with identity development.
  d. People may experience many identity crises throughout life.
  e. The development of ethnic identity is an important part of identity formation, especially for adolescents of color.