A study that begins with observations and then looks for patterns, themes, or common categories is ...

A study that begins with observations and then looks for patterns, themes, or common categories is using what method?
 
  A) Being a complete participant
 B) Participatory action research.
 C) Grounded theory.
 D) Client logs.

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According to contemporary positivist standards, which of the following strategies is NOT recommended for enhancing the rigor of qualitative studies?
 
  A) Prolonged engagement.
 B) Triangulation.
 C) Negative case analysis.
 D) Leaving a paper trail for auditing.
 E)evoking actions by participants to effect desired change.

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According to contemporary positivist standards, which of the following is NOT a threat to the trustworthiness of qualitative research?
 
  A) The researcher's presence in the field might distort the naturalism of the setting.
 B) Researcher biases might distort what researchers perceive or how they selectively observe
 C) The need to appear socially desirable might result in respondent biases.
 D) The use of prolonged engagement.