What is the main difference between single-case research designs and case studies?
a. case studies typically focus on more than one individual
b. single-case designs do not allow one to make conclusions regarding causality
c. case studies are experimental designs whereas single-cases designs are qualitative
d. single-case designs focus on investigating the effect of a treatment
How did Dr. Benning operationally define reaction time?
a) by stating that the drug was aspirin
b) by using a computer
c) as the amount of time between stimulus presentation and key depression
d) as the type of drug the prisoner received
The selection-history effect is particularly a problem in which quasi-experimental design?
a. non-equivalent comparison group
b. time series
c. interrupted time series
d. regression discontinuity
Two middle school teachers want to find which of three new violence prevention programs would be most effective in their school. From September through November, program 1 is in effect.
It is then replaced by program 2 from December through February, and then program 3 runs from March through May. In June the teachers examined fight reports for the school year and find that there were 14 fights in the fall, 10 fights in the winter, and 6 fights in the spring. They conclude that program 3 is most effective is stopping violence. Which of the following is
a plausible rival hypothesis to their interpretation?
a. fighting decreases in spring, anyway
b. the effects of programs 1 and 2 could have carried over into the spring
c. whatever program came third might have been associated with the fewest fights
d. all of the above are plausible alternative explanations
What is the dependent variable?
a) reaction time
b) whether or not the prisoner will get a weekend pass
c) the computer keyboard
d) drug (nicotine or placebo)
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