Hypothetical constructs that cannot be observed directly
a. cannot be used as independent variables.
b. cannot be used as dependent variables.
c. are often measured in different ways in different experiments.
d. can only be studied in quasi-experimental designs.
When we cannot measure important hypothetical constructs directly, we rely on
a. operational definitions.
b. manipulations.
c. independent variables.
d. qualitative variables.
A measurement of a construct that can take on different values is known as
a. a manipulation.
b. an interaction.
c. a variable
d. a constant.
On a questionnaire that contained a question asking you to list risky activities in which you have engaged, such a question would
a. require temporarily accessible information.
b. call for an open-ended response.
c. have a high likelihood of resulting in nondifferentiation.
d. be likely to result in optimizing in the answer.
In assessing the effectiveness of the Head Start program, researchers have discovered that
a. it has been shown to be uniformly effective on virtually every variable that has been measured.
b. short-term progress among children is great, but most studies reveal few gains in the long term.
c. the results of studies depend on how effectiveness is measured.
d. there is no way to measure effectiveness in such programs.
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