When judges rely on a previous judicial ruling as the basis for ruling in another case, that judge is using a(n)
A) precedent.
B) mandate.
C) opinion.
D) referenda.
E) initiative.
The bias in favor of existing decisions is captured by the Latin expression
A) dura lex, sed lex.
B) voir dire.
C) bona fide.
D) ab ovo.
E) stare decisis.
A litigant may appeal a district court verdict if
A) they lose and are unhappy with that outcome.
B) the case is of significant public interest.
C) another person was believed to be as guilty as the person convicted by the court, but was not charged and tried.
D) rulings made by the judge during the trial are at odds with supreme court precedent.
E) the defendant was from a different state than the person making the complaint.
Appellate court proceedings may include
A) witnesses.
B) juries.
C) cross-examination.
D) presentation of new evidence.
E) oral argument.
Federal appellate courts review and can overturn
A) precedents set by the U.S. Supreme Court.
B) only federal criminal cases.
C) rulings made by the lower federal courts.
D) guilt or innocence of defendants.
E) only civil cases.
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