Bureaucrats go by the book because
A) the book consists of the laws they are obligated to enforce.
B) they are afraid of being rebuked by Congress if they depart from the book.
C) they are unimaginative and the book provides ready-made answers.
D) they operate only within their narrow specialization.
E) they can hide behind it if their actions are unpopular.
In implementing the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), school administrators frequently offer families fewer services than the law calls for because
A) school administrators don't want to do the maximum for disabled children.
B) school administrators want to increase their salaries.
C) school administrators don't have enough money to provide services to all qualifying students.
D) Congressional requirements are so vague that administrators are worried about overstepping their authority.
E) under the law, families are responsible for requesting services, and often don't know what to do.
_____ are an organization's informal, unwritten rules that guide individual behavior.
A) Norms
B) Values
C) Policies
D) Artifacts
E) Beliefs
According to Charles Lindblom, policymaking tends to be characterized by ________, with policies and programs changing bit by bit, step-by-step.
A) gridlock
B) partisanship
C) incrementalism
D) mandates
E) gerrymandering
Often, the theoretically correct, or rational, policy is NOT enacted because
A) administrators lack the discretion to adopt rational policies.
B) bureaucrats, as humans, behave irrationally.
C) administrative rules hinder consideration of all options.
D) the policy will result in too much job loss.
E) the right policy is politically unacceptable.
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