Since 1952, Democrats have generally been a majority of the electorate, but Republicans have won more presidential elections, because
A) polls estimating the Democrat voter population are faulty.
B) Republican party identification has changed over the years.
C) Democrats are more likely to defect on the basis of candidates' attributes and the issues.
D) Democrats have failed to field candidates in some elections.
E) voters are disenchanted with the Democrats' perennial fundraising advantage over Republicans.
A voter who determines which candidate he or she will vote for very early in the campaign most likely has based that decision on
A) the media's perception of the front-runner.
B) the candidate's stand on a particular issue of importance.
C) party identification.
D) the candidate's foreign policy experience.
E) the candidate's projected image.
Some negative ads also promote the positive qualities of the other candidate; however, there are negative ads that advocate nothing positive. These are called ____ ads.
A) attack
B) advocacy
C) incumbent
D) partisan
E) contract
Research suggests that negative ads appear to
A) benefit incumbents more than challengers.
B) benefit challengers more than incumbents.
C) benefit no one.
D) increase voter turnout.
E) benefit third parties.
During the 2016 presidential campaign, some candidates sent messages to the smart phones of selected voters. This is an example of
A) gerrymandering.
B) microtargeting.
C) gunnysacking.
D) heuristics.
E) linguistics.
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