Which of the following impacts a leader's ability to shape foreign policy?
a. Whether a leader is early or late in their tenure
b. When a dramatic event precedes his/her election
c. A leader's belief in his/her own ability to effectively make rational choices
d. A national crisis
e. All of the above are true.
__________ are agencies, regulatory commissions, and departments that conduct the functions of a central government.
a. Democracies
b. Republics
c. Bureaucracies
d. Interagency commissions
e. Actors
One of the criticisms of the bureaucratic politics model (BPM) is that
a. bureaucracies tend to suggest policies that reflect their own interests.
b. too many bureaucracies lack the expertise necessary to carry out policies once a decision is made.
c. the cacophony of differing opinions creates an atmosphere of confusion.
d. bureaucrats are not elected and not accountable to the citizenry.
e. All of the above are true.
Standard operating procedures (SOPs) help make bureaucracies more efficient by
a. facilitating groupthink.
b. providing methods to be followed in carrying out tasks once a decision is made.
c. preventing rivalries among bureaucratic agencies.
d. Both options a and c are true.
e. All of the above are true.
Which of the following is true of bureaucracies?
a. They increase efficiency.
b. They define rules and establish operating procedures.
c. They divide authority.
d. They move plans forward.
e. All of the above are true about bureaucracies.