How do the lessons of history influence decision making?
a. The lessons of history always lead to bad decisions.
b. Decision makers carefully review history to discover the relevant lessons.
c. Decision makers are influenced by certain events rather than by a broad understanding of history.
d. History does not influence decision making.
Prospect theory asserts that individuals
a. seek to uncover all the costs and benefits associated with foreign policy options.
b. weigh options based on how the choices are framed.
c. misperceive the intentions of others, which bias their decisions.
d. are able to learn lessons from history in order to improve their decision-making skills.
The Powell Doctrine, created during the Bush Administration, established guidelines for the use of force that included
a. clear goals and the use of overwhelming force.
b. surgical bombing and limited goals.
c. cooperation with NATO in minor military interventions.
d. the use of small troop levels along with diplomatic efforts.
According to the author, the lesson of Munich has been used many times, including all of the following except
a. Somalia in the 1990s.
b. the Korean War.
c. the Vietnam War.
d. the Iraq War
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain made a major mistake when he followed a policy of appeasement toward Hitler. For Chamberlain, appeasement implied that
a. Great Britain could weaken Hitler by pretending to be his ally while undermining his power.
b. Great Britain could actually be an ally to Hitler's Germany.
c. offering concessions to Hitler would satisfy his appetite to take over Europe.
d. Hitler could be stopped only by an all-out war with Germany.
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