Eukaryotic chromatin can be described in topological terms as a series of:
A. constrained segments.
B. constrained loops.
C. relaxed linear segments.
D. relaxed loops.
E. plectonemic supercoils.
Which of these stages of translation is most important to the fidelity of protein synthesis?
A. formation of aminoacyl-tRNAs
B. initiation of translation at an AUG codon
C. translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site during elongation
D. termination of translation at a STOP codon
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Bicoid protein?
A. Bicoid is a maternal gene product.
B. Throughout the first seven nuclear divisions, Bicoid concentration is higher in the anterior pole than the posterior pole.
C. Bicoid represses Hunchback in the posterior pole.
D. Bicoid is a transcriptional activator of many segmentation genes.
Which of the following is not true of the kinetic proofreading reaction of bacterial RNA polymerase?
A. rNTP is the product.
B. It occurs when the enzyme stalls after incorporating a mismatched base.
C. The type of reaction is pyrophosphorolysis.
D. Water is the nucleophile.
E. Pyrophosphate is a reactant.
Adding helical turns to a closed-circular DNA:
A. will decrease the linking number.
B. causes the formation of left-handed supercoils.
C. causes the formation of negative supercoils.
D. causes the formation of right-handed supercoils.
E. does not affect the linking number.
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