Researcher Franklin tests the limiting conditions of a previous finding by adding a new control condition to the design. Franklin's experiment is a(n)
a. conceptual replication.
b. constructive replication.
c. participant replication.
d. exact replication.
Which of the following is true?
a. It is useful to conduct exact replications because they provide information about generalization to new operationalizations of the original variables.
b. It is useful to conduct constructive replications because they provide information about the exact circumstances in which an effect does or does not occur.
c. It is useful to conduct constructive replications because they require fewer conditions than the original experiment.
d. It is useful to conduct participant replications because their interpretation is usually very clear.
A replication that investigates the relationship between the same conceptual variables that were studied in previous research but tests the hypothesis using different operational definitions of the independent variable and/or the dependent variable is known as a(n)
a. conceptual replication.
b. constructive replication.
c. participant replication.
d. exact replication.
Exact replications are most likely to be conducted because the researcher wants to
a. add a new condition to a previous experiment.
b. examine other possible conceptual variables involved in the results of a previous experiment.
c. see if an effect that has been found in one laboratory or by one researcher can be found.
d. repeat the original experiment with a different population of participants.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding field experiments?
a. They have an experimental manipulation.
b. They have a measured dependent variable.
c. They are always more externally valid than lab experiments.
d. They use a method for creating initial equivalence.
In comparison to laboratory studies, field experiments are likely to have
a. higher internal and external validity.
b. higher internal and lower external validity.
c. lower internal and higher external validity.
d. lower internal and external validity.
An experiment that is conducted in situations that are similar to everyday life experiences is said to have which of the following?
a. External validity
b. Ecological validity
c. Experimental realism
d. Experimental impact
Researchers in the behavioral sciences may be content to use college students as research participants because
a. they can be assumed to have the same characteristics as any other sample of individuals.
b. they represent a random sample of all human beings.
c. they have had fewer experiences than many people, thus making them naive.
d. they are more intelligent than most people.
In terms of learning about generalization across participants,
a. the researcher can normally be confident that a result found in one sample will generalize to all populations that he or she is interested in.
b. the researcher can usually be confident that a result found in one sample will not generalize beyond the sample that he or she has studied.
c. no sample of research participants can provide definitive information about how a finding will generalize.
d. it is possible to make highly accurate statements about the likelihood of a finding generalizing to all populations.
The degree to which relationships among conceptual variables can be demonstrated in a wide variety of people and using a wide variety of manipulated or measured variables is known as which of the following?
a. Conceptual replication
b. External validity
c. Ecological validity
d. Meta analysis