Most researchers would argue that _________ studies tend to be high in external validity.
A) experimental
B) quasi-experimental
C) passive observational
D) within-subjects
The best synonym for external validity is:
A) generalizability
B) specificity
C) coherence
D) suitability
To say that one is worried about confounds is to say that one is worried about the:
A) problem of deduction
B) trade-off between internal and external validity
C) third variable problem
D) problem of covariation
According to the text, ruling out other probable causes of an event before concluding that one thing (e.g., testosterone) is the cause of another (e.g., aggression) is known as:
A) competitive elimination
B) eliminating confounds
C) construct validity
D) temporal consistency
Psychology has been criticized by many people because its research generally uses white college students as participants. Critics would argue that focusing on such a limited group is a threat to:
A) construct validity
B) external validity
C) reliability
D) sequential reasoning
Because high levels of cloudiness usually go hand in hand with (i.e., are correlated with) high levels of rainfall, Rogelio concludes that rain causes cloudiness. Rogelio has failed to take into account information regarding:
A) temporal sequence
B) the elimination of noise
C) covariation
D) the problem of induction
Which of the following is NOT one of John Stuart Mill's requirements for establishing a causal relation between two variables?
A) temporal sequence
B) eliminating confounds
C) covariation
D) external validity
High levels of empathy usually go hand in hand with high levels of helping behavior. That is, people who are very high in empathy are usually more likely to help others. This is an example of:
A) generalizability
B) covariation
C) conceptual validity
D) construct validity
Studies that provide good information about causal relations between variables are high in:
A) restrictive validity
B) construct validity
C) external validity
D) internal validity
The relative accuracy or correctness of a psychological statement is its:
A) reliability
B) validity
C) efficacy
D) confirmability
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