When confounding occurs, the experimenter cannot know whether the independent variable or the second confounded variable produced the change observed in the ____________ variable.
a. extraneous
b. control
c. independent
d. dependent
What is an ethical concern for the ABAB design?
a. continuing to administer the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective
b. administering the treatment immediately after the initial baseline phase
c. removing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective
d. reintroducing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective
The term in a regression equation that captures the residual in describing each point is the ____ term.
a. error
b. slope
c.
d. intercept
_________________ refers to the finding that patients in medical research who are in a control condition and who do not receive actual medication, sometimes show an improvement in the illness.
a. Conformity
b. Confounding
c. The placebo effect
d. Experimental error
The reversal component in an ABAB design ____.
a. assists in establishing a causal relationship
b. introduces a modified version of the treatment
c. introduces a completely different treatment
d. administers the treatment immediately after the initial baseline phase
The numerical variable used to represent subgroups of the sample is the ____.
a. residual
b. dummy variable
c. regression coefficient
d. intercept
___________ occurs when a change in the dependent variable is produced by some factor other than the change in the independent variable.
a. Experimental independence
b. Experimental control
c. Experimental error
d. Randomization
The second AB in the sequence of an ABAB design provides evidence of ____.
a. external validity
b. internal validity
c. reactivity
d. experimenter bias
Variables that are adjusted for in a research study are called ____.
a. residuals
b. coefficients
c. covariates
d. intercepts
Which of the following is most likely to be used as a dependent variable in a social psychology experiment?
a. preference
b. reaction time
c. percent correct
d. spontaneous recovery
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