What is an advantage of the between-subjects design versus the within-subjects design?
a. It generally requires fewer participants.
b. It usually is a more sensitive test (more likely to detect a treatment effect).
c. It eliminates the risk of order effects.
d. It eliminates potential problems that may be caused by individual differences.
The first step in virtually any kind of scale development is ____.
a. developing the focus
b. creating items
c. assembling a group of experts
d. assessing reliability and validity
The psycho in psychophysics refers to
a. unpredictable stimulus characteristics.
b. the external environment.
c. internal impressions.
d. the mental status of the researcher.
Compared to a between-subjects design, the variance in a within-subjects design is greatly reduced because the ____ are measured and statistically removed.
a. individual differences
b. carry over effects
c. progressive error effects
d. instrumentation effects
One of the first and most productive scaling theorists was ____.
a. Cronbach
b. Rorschach
c. Binet
d. Thurstone
The scale of measurement that has the least stringent requirements is the __________ scale.
a. interval
b. ratio
c. ordinal
d. nominal
In a Latin square, ____.
a. each participant receives each treatment in the same order
b. each treatment is administered first in the series for one group of participants
c. each participant receives a different treatment
d. every possible ordering of treatment conditions is used
The semantic differential includes the dimension of ____.
a. industry
b. activity
c. generativity
d. time
In signal detection theory, the criterion determines
a. the hit rate.
b. the false alarm rate.
c. the miss rate.
d. all of these.
In a completely counterbalanced within-subjects experiment, ____.
a. each group receives a different treatment
b. each participant receives each treatment in the same order
c. a series of treatments is presented in every possible sequence
d. participants receive a random order of treatment conditions
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