In a high-risk study, the researcher must provide the participants with
a. a debriefing.
b. an appropriate phone number in case of problems that persist after participation in the research.
c. a guarantee of confidentiality.
d. all of these
Wilcoxon rank-sum test is to _____ as Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks T test is to _____.
a. ordinal data; nominal data
b. interval data, ordinal data
c. between-subject design; within-subjects design
d. within-subjects design; between-subjects design
In a between-subjects design, the separate groups must be as ____.
a. similar in participant characteristics as possible
b. different in all environmental variables as possible
c. similar in treatment conditions as possible
d. similar on the dependent variable measures as possible.
A measure that does not yield consistent scores and does not measure what it is supposed to measure is ____.
a. both valid and reliable
b. neither valid nor reliable
c. valid but not reliable
d. reliable but not valid
Psychologists are primarily concerned with the ethics of research involving
a. paid participants only.
b. volunteer participants only.
c. animal subjects.
d. all human and animal research subjects
The 2 test of independence is used with _____ data.
a. continuous
b. categorical
c. ordinal
d. quantitative
When ____ occurs in a between-subjects experiment, it is impossible to determine whether differences between groups are caused by the treatments or by participant characteristics.
a. fatigue
b. practice
c. assignment bias
d. resentful demoralization
A measure that measures what it is supposed to measure but does not yield consistent scores is ____.
a. both valid and reliable
b. neither valid nor reliable
c. valid but not reliable
d. reliable but not valid
A researcher using only animals has an obligation to
a. use only innocuous independent variables.
b. engage in speciesism.
c. avoid the use of deception.
d. use humane treatment.
In a between-subjects experiment, when the process of assigning participants to the treatment conditions produces groups with different characteristics, the ____of the study is threatened.
a. internal validity
b. external validity
c. reliability
d. accuracy
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