Labeling theory suggests that the primary thing deviants have in common is

Labeling theory suggests that the primary thing deviants have in common is
 
  a. common background factors such as low IQs, personality issues, family problems, and/or low social class.
  b. a common history of previous deviant behavior in their background.
  c. commission of a deviant act and subsequent arrest.
  d. they share a deviant label and the experience of being labeled as an outsider.

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Which of the following is not one of the qualities the text describes as part of the definition of democracy?
 
  a. government of the people, and by the people
  b. equality of opportunity for a decent life
  c. freedom of thinking and action
  d. respect and protection of human differences