Which term refers to the process by which some nations enrich themselves through the direct political and economic control of other nations?
a. modernization
b. neocolonialism
c. colonialism
d. assimilation
Critics of modernization theory
a. see the approach as an attack on capitalism.
b. claim that using developed countries as the standard for the rest of the world is helpful for less-developed countries' growth.
c. point out that the approach says little about the ways in which rich nations often prevent poor countries from developing.
d. agree that poor societies are responsible for their own poverty.
Which of the following is associated with environmental classism?
A) The poor often have dangerous jobs and are residentially segregated.
B) The rich have the most unwanted jobs.
C) All corporations are champions of environmental justice.
D) The poor live in the most desirable neighborhoods.
Which theory is a model of economic development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor societies by rich societies?
a. modernization theory
b. world system theory
c. neocolonial theory
d. structural-functional theory
A sociologist researching structural reasons for environmental problems would find that the poor __________.
A) use far less resources than the affluent.
B) B are more likely to live in less polluted areas
C) are more likely to have low-risk jobs
D) have to pay disproportionately less than the affluent for policies that help clean up the environment.
The first stage in W.W. Rostow's theory of modernization is
a. the take-off stage.
b. the drive to technological maturity stage.
c. the traditional stage.
d. the high mass consumption stage.
According to the International Labour Organization, the number of people in the world living in conditions that amount to slavery is estimated to be about
a. 20,000.
b. 2 million.
c. 20 million.
d. 2 billion.
A factory owner enslaves workers of all ages by paying them too little to cover their debts; this practice illustrates the concept of
a. servile forms of marriage.
b. child slavery.
c. debt bondage.
d. chattel slavery.
Which of the following theories is a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between societies?
a. social-conflict theory
b. modernization theory
c. world-system theory
d. cultural-transmission theory
In India, Thailand, and some African nations, families marry off women against their will, with many ending up as slaves performing work for their husband's family or forced into prostitution. This practice falls into which of the following categories?
a. servile forms of marriage
b. indentured slavery
c. chattel slavery
d. debt bondage
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