The policies of organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have been criticized because they ________.
a. do not permit policies that are likely to exacerbate economic inequality and ethnic tensions
b. give greater importance to environmental conservation
c. have led to the displacement of tens of thousands of poor people, often to less desirable areas
d. can be easily manipulated by the governments of individual countries to suit their needs
According to the world-system theory, which of the following characteristics of capitalism has led to the emergence of an international stratification system?
a. its emphasis on the achievement of collective goals
b. its ability to create a highly centralized structure for decisions regarding production and distribution
c. its principle of producing goods based on people's needs rather than their purchasing ability
d. its drive to expand and find new markets
Which of the following models or theories has been developed to assess how decision making actually is in the United States?
a. the Zelinsky model
b. the post-development theory
c. the power elite model
d. the institutional theory
The ________ refers to the relationship between the armed forces that want to purchase weapons and the corporations that produce the weapons.
a. pluralist model
b. militaryindustrial complex
c. world-system theory
d. medicalindustrial complex
Which of the following ideas is expressed in the power elite model?
a. The middle level in the political structure of the U.S. consists of the great mass of citizens who have the power to elect the elite members.
b. The elite do not have the power to determine which candidates political parties will place before the electorate.
c. The members of the power elite group maintain a consensus about their interests through their elaborate social networks.
d. There are veto groups in society with the ability to block decisions that might adversely affect their positions.
According to the power elite model, who among the following is most likely to become a member of the power elite group?
a. Kiara, who owns a very large and successful corporation
b. Dave, who is a lobbyist
c. Angelo, who is a college student with the right to vote
d. Sally, who is an employee at a software firm
Amy is a conflict theorist. She is most likely to describe a society to be ________.
a. made up of many interrelated and interdependent elements
b. made of a variety of different interest groups that compete with one another over the resources available
c. characterized by day-to-day interactions between people who use symbols to understand the meaning of these interactions
d. characterized by maldistribution of resources and power that can be eliminated by collective action
The six faces of the oriental are similar in that they are
a. descriptive of an important aspect of Asian culture.
b. actually the same.
c. used to exhibit the hypocrisy of the Asian.
d. used to portray the Asian as an alien to America.
Which of the following ideas is emphasized by the functionalist perspective?
a. A conflict of interests and maldistribution of resources is necessary to maintain a normal state of affairs in a society.
b. Concentration of power and resources in the hands of a few should be encouraged so that only a few people have the authority over others.
c. The various interrelated parts of a society should be sufficiently integrated so that people can use them to work together toward common goals.
d. Collective action by oppressed groups can lead to the elimination of inequalities in power and rearrangement of resources.
In mid-19th century California, the Chinese settlers were
a. welcomed as citizens.
b. given preferential treatment so they could succeed.
c. thought to be model workers, intelligent, peaceful, and morally pure.
d. defined as a disruption to the pure white society being created.
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