Justice Scalia objected that foreigners were influencing interpretation of the U.S. Constitution in the case of
A. Plessy v. Ferguson.
B. Rodgriguez v. San Antonio.
C. Roper v. Simmons.
D. Brown v. Board of Education.
Gang involvement among the youth in the United States is seen as a result of
A. poverty or hopelessness.
B. opportunities for economic advancement.
C. dysfunctional families (substance abuse, divorce, abuse, and/or neglect).
D. all of these.
When children are certified as adults
A. they are placed under the jurisdiction of adult courts.
B. they are not seen as capable of rehabilitation.
C. they are seen as a threat to public safety.
D. all of these
Status offenses are
A. offenses against individuals with particular status.
B. criminal offenses committed by children.
C. not crimes if they are committed by adults.
D. crimes committed by juveniles against anyone over 65.
The Gault case of 1967
A. established the right of prosecutors to treat teenage offenders as adults.
B. established procedural requirements for juvenile cases.
C. allowed for the incarceration of serious juvenile offenders.
D. established sealing juvenile offender records.
The juvenile court movement of the 19th century led to the creation of
A. separate institutions for children.
B. different court systems.
C. continued educational opportunities.
D. all of the these.
The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974 established mandatory
A. reporting procedures.
B. confidentiality.
C. state authority notification.
D. all of these.
In 1875, the case of Mary Ellen brought child abuse to public attention and led to the creation of the
A. Child Abuse Association.
B. New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NYSPCC).
C. United States Child Abuse Act.
D. Department of Charities.
Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) was changed to Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1962. In 1996, the name was changed to
A. SSI.
B. TANF.
C. CCW.
D. none of these.
In 1918, based on research by the Childrens Bureau, Jeanette Rankin introduced the Sheppard-Towner Bill. The bill called for the federal government to:
A. offer grants-in-aid to states.
B. provide subsidized child care.
C. establish education funds.
D. none of these.
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