What are the two major types of spontaneous depolarizations displayed by self-excitable cells?
a. fast-wave and slow-wave potentials
b. membrane potentials and slow-wave potentials
c. pacemaker potentials and slow-wave potentials
d. smooth potentials and fast-wave potentials
e. cardiac potentials and fast-wave potentials
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Question 2) Excitoxicity, in which dying cells secrete chemicals that induce apoptosis in neighboring cells, is a process that occurs
a. during a stroke
b. in Parkinson's disease
c. in Alzheimer's disease
d. in meningiomas
e. gliomas
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Question 3) Contractile activity in both skeletal muscle and multiunit smooth muscle is ____.
a. myogenic
b. phasic
c. tonic
d. clonic
e. neurogenic
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Question 4) A chemical secreted from astrocytes that can trigger synapse formation is
a. protein tau
b. nitric oxide
c. thrombospondin
d. dopamine
e. NMDA
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Question 5) What kind of smooth muscle contracts in bursts?
a. phasic
b. tonic
c. clonic
d. cardiac
e. vascular
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Question 6) Which of the following is a monosynaptic reflex?
a. stretch reflex
b. withdrawal reflex
c. crossed-extensor reflexes
d. All of the above
e. Only c and d
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Question 7) How many filament types do smooth muscle cells have?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6
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Question 8) Which tract transmits conscious sensory impulse regarding pain and temperature?
a. dorsal cerebellar
b. ventral spinothalamic
c. lateral spinothalamic
d. lateral corticospinal
e. rubrospinal
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Question 9) How developed is the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle?
a. non-existent
b. poorly developed
c. moderately developed
d. well developed
e. heavily developed
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Question 10) Which component of the reflex arc directly sends an impulse to an organ making a response?
a. receptor
b. afferent pathway
c. integrating center
d. efferent pathway
e. effector
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