To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the
A. quantity of urine produced per minute.
B. concentration of the cleared substance in the urine.
C. concentration of the cleared substance in the blood.
D. blood volume.
E. quantity of urine produced per minute, the concentration of the cleared substance in the urine, and the concentration of the cleared substance in the blood.
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Question 2) A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is
A. ADH.
B. glucose.
C. inulin.
D. protein.
E. ammonia.
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Question 3) Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases.
(1) decreased sympathetic stimulation
(2) increase in glomerulus filtration rate
(3) increase in arterial blood pressure
(4) increase in urine production
(5) afferent arterioles dilate
A. 1, 3, 5, 2, 4
B. 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
C. 2, 3, 5, 1, 4
D. 3, 1, 5, 2, 4
E. 3, 2, 5, 4, 1
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Question 4) When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by
A. increasing afferent arteriole constriction.
B. decreasing urine production.
C. decreasing renin secretion.
D. increasing aldosterone secretion.
E. increasing renin secretion
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Question 5) Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in
A. increased renin secretion.
B. decreased ADH secretion.
C. suppression of thirst.
D. stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
E. decreased renin secretion.
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Question 6) Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone results in
A. increased thirst.
B. increased urine output.
C. increased blood pressure.
D. increased osmolality of the extracellular fluid.
E. decreased urine output.
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Question 7) Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of
A. ADH.
B. renin.
C. aldosterone.
D. atrial natriuretic hormone.
E. angiotensin.
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Question 8) Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of
A. constriction of afferent arterioles.
B. sympathetic stimulation.
C. aldosterone secretion.
D. ADH secretion.
E. None of these choices is correct.
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Question 9) Blood loss that occurs during surgery will stimulate cells in the
A. efferent arteriole.
B. wall of the right atrium.
C. proprioceptors.
D. juxtaglomerular apparatus.
E. None of these choices is correct.
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Question 10) If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of
A. urea.
B. water.
C. sodium.
D. potassium.
E. chloride.
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