The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when
A. colloid osmotic pressure increases.
B. ADH production increases.
C. plasma osmolality decreases.
D. aldosterone production decreases.
E. ADH production decreases.
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Question 2) Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate by both the
A. proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
B. collecting duct and Bowman's capsule.
C. loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule.
D. proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle.
E. loop of Henle only.
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Question 3) Urea is
A. secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule.
B. diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle.
C. completely reabsorbed by the nephron.
D. actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct.
E. None of these choices is correct.
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Question 4) When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,
A. filtrate volume increases.
B. filtrate osmolality decreases.
C. potassium is secreted from the cells.
D. the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water.
E. the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water.
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Question 5) As ADH production declines,
A. glomerular filtration increases.
B. potassium reabsorption increases.
C. reabsorption of water increases.
D. the urine volume increases.
E. the blood volume increases.
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Question 6) The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules
A. reabsorb glucose.
B. collect filtrate from Bowman's capsule.
C. actively transport sodium ions but not chloride ions.
D. vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present.
E. do not alter their permeability to water.
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Question 7) Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of
A. facilitated diffusion.
B. cotransport.
C. counter transport.
D. active transport.
E. simple diffusion.
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Question 8) Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
A. sodium and bicarbonate
B. potassium and phosphate
C. sodium and chloride
D. bicarbonate and potassium
E. potassium and chloride
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Question 9) In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,
A. water can easily enter or leave.
B. potassium and chloride are cotransported with sodium across the apical membrane.
C. calcium ions are actively transported across the basal membrane.
D. potassium is concentrated in the filtrate.
E. the filtrate does not change.
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Question 10) Arrange the following in correct order.
(1) cotransport molecule binds to sodium and glucose
(2) establish sodium concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen
(3) sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell
(4) active transport of sodium from tubular cells to interstitial area
A. 2, 1, 3, 4
B. 4, 2, 1, 3
C. 1, 3, 4, 2
D. 2, 4, 1, 3
E. 1, 2, 3, 4
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