Which of the following statements concerning the structure of spinal nerves is true?
A. The ventral root contains motor or efferent fibers.
B. The ventral root has a prominent root ganglion.
C. Rootlets from the surface of the spinal cord form the dorsal and ventral rami.
D. Each spinal nerve is formed by the union of a cranial nerve and a spinal nerve.
E. Spinal nerves do not have specific cutaneous distributions.
(
Question 2) The epineurium
A. surrounds nerve cell bodies.
B. surrounds individual axons and their Schwann cells.
C. bundles axons into fascicles.
D. bundles fascicles into nerves.
E. bundles fascicles into axons.
(
Question 3) A reflex that protects limbs by removing them from painful stimuli is the
A. stretch reflex.
B. crossed extensor reflex.
C. Golgi tendon reflex.
D. alternating reflex.
E. withdrawal reflex
(
Question 4) Initiating the withdrawal reflex in both legs at the same time would cause one to
A. maintain posture longer.
B. fall.
C. decrease muscle tension.
D. develop resistance in one limb and reduce resistance in the other.
E. hop.
(
Question 5) Reciprocal innervation
A. is associated with the Golgi tendon reflex.
B. stimulates antagonistic muscles.
C. results in reduced resistance to the reflex.
D. reinforces the withdrawal reflex.
E. inhibits the stretch reflex.
(
Question 6) Because the stretch reflexes can be traced back along certain spinal nerve routes,
A.
they are not used in diagnosis of brain potential brain damage.
B.
they are only useful for diagnosis if there has been damage to the spinal cord.
C.
it is possible to determine what level of the spinal cord may have been damaged.
D.
they are only helpful when diagnosing problems in the extremities.
E.
they are only helpful if the patient is conscious.
(
Question 7) Stimulation of the Golgi tendon organs result in which of the following changes in the reflex arc?
A. stimulation of a stimulatory association neuron
B. stimulation of an inhibitory neuron
C. decreased action potentials in alpha motor neurons
D. contraction of skeletal muscle fibers
E. stimulation of an inhibitory neuron and decreased action potentials in alpha motor neurons
(
Question 8) Sam is curling very heavy weights and suddenly drops them. Which reflex forced this action by Sam to prevent tendon damage?
A.
muscle spindle reflex
B.
Golgi tendon reflex
C.
gamma motor reflex
D.
withdrawal reflex
E.
alpha motor neuron reflex
(
Question 9) The muscles of the back contract to straighten so that you sit at a more erect posture and subsequently the muscles are suddenly stretched as you nod off. Which of the following best represents the sequence of events when you start to nod off?
(1) muscles of the back are stretched
(2) the muscle spindle is stretched
(3) action potentials in sensory neurons of the muscle spindles increase
(4) action potentials in alpha motor neurons of skeletal muscle fibers increase
(5) skeletal muscle of the back contract
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B. 1, 5, 2, 3, 4
C. 1, 5, 3, 2, 4
D. 5, 2, 3, 4, 1
E. 4, 5, 3, 2, 1
(
Question 10) Doctor Johansson wants to test a patient's reflexes by briskly striking the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer. Which reflex is Dr. Johansson testing?
A. the Golgi tendon reflex.
B. the withdrawal reflex.
C.
the knee-jerk reflex.
D. the crossed extensor reflex.
E. reciprocal innervation.
Quick Reply
