What determines the movement of blood in systemic veins?
A. The blood pressure difference between systemic capillaries and the right atrium.
B. The contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles.
C. The decrease of thoracic pressure and increase of abdominal pressure due to diaphragm movement.
D. Valves in the veins.
E. All of the above.
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Question 2) Normally, the hydrostatic pressure difference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid favors movement of fluid ________ a tissue capillary.
The protein osmotic pressure difference between capillary fluid and interstitial fluid normally favors movement of fluid __________ a tissue capillary.
A. into; into
B. into; out of
C. out of; out of
D. out of; into
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Question 3) Which of the following statements concerning the capillaries is FALSE?
A. Increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases the likelihood that filtration will occur.
B. Velocity of blood flow is slower in the capillaries than in the arteries.
C. It is possible for a capillary to filter fluid at its arterial end and absorb fluid at its venous end.
D. Large capillary pores are more likely to be found in liver capillaries than in brain capillaries.
E. Large proteins that escape capillaries and enter the interstitial fluid are returned to the circulation via the lymphatic system.
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Question 4) Which of the following correctly compares the factors involved in bulk flow of fluid in systemic and pulmonary capillaries?
A. The protein oncotic pressure inside pulmonary capillaries is significantly greater.
B. There are no lymphatic vessels to remove fluid from lung interstitial fluid.
C. The hydrostatic pressure inside pulmonary capillaries is significantly lower.
D. The protein oncotic pressure is lower in pulmonary interstitial fluid than in typical systemic interstitial fluid.
E. The Starling's forces overwhelmingly favor reabsorption all along the length of pulmonary capillaries.
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Question 5) Distinguishing characteristics of veins include which of the following?
A. All veins carry deoxygenated blood.
B. All veins carry blood toward the heart.
C. All veins have thick, elastic walls.
D. Veins have walls consisting only of endothelial cells.
E. All veins have valves to ensure one-way movement of blood.
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Question 6) If the arterial blood pressure in the brain is suddenly decreased, the flow through arterioles in the brain will immediately fall and then which of these will occur next?
A. Brain arterioles will constrict to accelerate blood flow through the brain capillaries.
B. Brain arterioles will dilate due to a decrease in levels of CO2.
C. Blood flow will remain at the new, lower level due to reactive hyperemia.
D. Blood flow will rise to levels above normal due to excess O2 levels.
E. Blood flow will return toward its original level due to flow autoregulation.
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Question 7) Which of the following statements concerning control of blood flow through arterioles is TRUE?
A. Beta-adrenergic receptors are more abundant on most arteriolar smooth muscle than are alpha-adrenergic receptors.
B. Binding of epinephrine to alpha-adrenergic receptors causes vasodilation.
C. Increased stimulation of vascular smooth muscle by the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased vasoconstriction.
D. If the arterial blood pressure to an organ suddenly decreases, arterioles in the organ will dilate in response.
E. Body-wide constriction of arterioles results in a decrease in the total peripheral resistance (TPR).
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Question 8) Blood flow through most organs in the systemic circuit is regulated primarily by increasing or decreasing the ________ activity to arteriolar smooth muscles in the organ.
Another form of regulation, called ________, depends upon the metabolic activity of the organ. Increased activity leads to increased interstitial fluid metabolites, which cause ___ of the arterioles. The former is a type of ________ regulation of blood flow; the latter is an example of ________ regulation.
A. sympathetic; active hyperemia; dilation; extrinsic; intrinsic
B. sympathetic; reactive hyperemia; dilation; intrinsic; extrinsic
C. parasympathetic; active hyperemia; constriction; extrinsic; intrinsic
D. sympathetic; flow autoregulation; constriction; intrinsic; extrinsic
E. parasympathetic; reactive hyperemia; dilation; extrinsic; intrinsic
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Question 9) Which of the following is NOT an effect of sympathetic stimulation of the heart?
A. an increase in heart rate
B. a decrease in the duration of systole
C. a decrease in the slope of the pacemaker potential
D. an increase in the amount of Ca2+ entering cardiac muscle cells
E. an increase in the rate of cross-bridge cycling in ventricular muscle cells
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Question 10) Which of the following statements about blood vessel structure and function is FALSE?
A. Veins are more compliant than arteries.
B. The aorta and other large arteries serve as a pressure reservoir for the circulatory system.
C. Arterioles are small vessels whose resistance to blood flow can be varied.
D. Arterioles, capillaries, and veins all have valves that allow only one-way flow of blood.
E. If your blood pressure is 100/70, your mean arterial blood pressure is 80 mm Hg.
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