Juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes is often suspected by parents because of which change in the child's appearance or behavior?
A. sudden increase in muscle mass
B. darkening of the skin
C. increased thirst and frequency of urination
D. puffiness around the face
E. early (precocious) pubertal growth spurt
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Question 2) Estrogen can oppose some of the effects of PTH. This occurs because of the effects of estrogen on:
A. intestinal enterocytes
B. osteoclasts
C. osteoblasts
D. chief cells of the parathyroid gland
E. proximal renal tubule cells
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Question 3) Triglycerides are extremely hydrophobic and need to be transported in lipoprotein particles. The particle involved in the transfer of triglycerides from the liver to adipose tissue is called:
A. VLDL
B. LDL
C. chylomicron
D. IDL
E. HDL
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Question 4) The insulin receptor belongs to which family of receptors?
A. tyrosine kinase receptor
B. steroid receptor
C. cytokine receptor
D. G proteincoupled receptor
E. LDL receptor
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Question 5) A key metabolite that controls the movement of fatty acyl CoA into the mitochondria (where they are oxidized) is:
A. acetyl CoA
B. malonyl CoA
C. palmitate
D. citrate
E. ATP
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Question 6) A primary target of insulin in skeletal muscle is:
A. glucokinase
B. acetyl CoA carboxylase
C. uncoupling proteins
D. fatty acid synthase
E. GLUT4
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Question 7) The first action of secreted insulin is:
A. activation of lipoprotein lipase
B. inhibition of glucagon secretion
C. stimulation of hepatic glycolysis
D. mobilization of GLUT4 into myocellular membranes
E. inhibition of appetite
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Question 8) Circulating free fatty acid levels (FFAs; primarily associated with albumin) are often elevated in the prediabetic and diabetic states. This is due to:
A. elevated hormone-sensitive lipase
B. elevated lipoprotein lipase
C. elevated hepatic lipase
D. elevated VLDL formation
E. reduced LDL receptor expression
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Question 9) During fasting, blood glucose level is maintained through several sources. The first source of stored energy to be mobilized for blood glucose is:
A. adipose triglyceride
B. hepatic ketone bodies
C. skeletal muscle glycogen
D. skeletal muscle protein
E. hepatic glycogen
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Question 10) A major source of stored energy for skeletal muscle during exercise is:
A. lactate
B. triglyceride
C. glycogen
D. ketone bodies
E. fatty acids
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