The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________.
A) the ionic electrochemical gradient
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)
C) protein-regulated diffusion
D) the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries
(
Question 2) Which of the choices below is NOT an essential role of salts in the body?
A) anabolism of lipids
B) secretory activity
C) neuromuscular activity
D) membrane permeability
(
Question 3) Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.
A) a runner has completed a very long marathon
B) a person consumes excessive amounts of antacids
C) the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions
D) a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction
(
Question 4) Which of the following does not describe the justaglomerular complex?
A) Its granular cells produce rennin.
B) Its macula densa cells produce aldosterone.
C) It helps control systemic blood pressure.
D) It regulates the rate of filtrate formation.
(
Question 5) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________.
A) prevent pH changes caused by organic acids
B) reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
C) enhance atrial contractions
D) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism
(
Question 6) The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.
A) nephron
B) glomerular capsule
C) nephron loop
D) capsular space
(
Question 7) Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?
A) erythropoietin
B) antidiuretic hormone
C) renin
D) aldosterone
(
Question 8) The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________.
A) produces vitamin D and other chemicals needed by the kidney
B) stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position
C) is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys
D) ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently
(
Question 9) When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels are low ________.
A) nearly all of the filtered water is reabsorbed
B) a small volume of concentrated urine is excreted
C) most of the water reaching the collecting ducts is not reabsorbed
D) aquaporins are inserted into the principal cell apical membranes
(
Question 10) Select the correct statement about the ureters.
A) The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.
B) Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine.
C) The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only.
D) The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch.
Quick Reply
