How is the bulk of carbon dioxide transported in blood?
A) as carbonic acid in the plasma
B) as bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering the red blood cells
C) chemically combined with the heme portion of hemoglobin
D) chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells
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Question 2) Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract or relax during forced expiration, for example blowing up a balloon?
A) external intercostals would contract and diaphragm would relax
B) internal intercostals and abdominal muscles would contract
C) diaphragm contracts, internal intercostals would relax
D) diaphragm would contract, external intercostals would relax
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Question 3) Select the correct statement about antigens.
A) Self-antigens is another name for incomplete antigens.
B) The largest type of antigen is called a hapten.
C) One antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and may therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody.
D) Only small antigens exhibit reactivity.
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Question 4) An advantage to adaptive immunity is ________.
A) the use of antibodies that cause cell lysis and kill invading cells
B) the ability of its individual cells to respond to many different pathogens
C) its memory cells that provide quicker, larger and more efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen
D) its need for several cells to be activated over several days on first exposure
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Question 5) Labored breathing is termed dyspnea.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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Question 6) Antibodies typically act extracellularly in body fluids and are therefore considered part of the humoral branch of adaptive immunity.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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Question 7) Matching
A) Alveolar duct
B) Segmental (tertiary) bronchi
C) Type I alveolar cells
D) Respiratory bronchioles
E) Type II alveolar cells
11) NO exchange of gases occurs here.
12) Secrete a fluid containing surfactant.
13) Where the respiratory zone of the lungs begins.
14) Composed of simple squamous epithelium.
15) Terminates in alveoli.
16) Composed of cuboidal cells.
17) The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls and ________.
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Question 8) Matching
A) B
B) D
C) C
D) A
6) Tidal volume.
7) Inspiratory reserve volume.
8) Residual volume.
9) Expiratory reserve volume.
10) Air that does not participate in the exchange of gases.
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Question 9) Matching
A) Inspiratory capacity
B) Total lung capacity
C) Vital capacity
D) Functional residual capacity
18) TV + IRV + ERV + RV.
19) ERV + RV.
20) TV + IRV + ERV.
21) TV + IRV.
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Question 10) Natural killer (NK) cells ________.
A) can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated
B) are also called cytotoxic T cells
C) are cells of the adaptive immune system
D) are a type of phagocyte
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