This figure shows the spinal cord and spinal nerves. What structure does number 1 indicate?
A. Dura mater
B. Filum terminale
C. Cauda equina
D. Conus medullaris
E. Posterior rootlets
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Question 2) This figure shows a cross section of a vertebra and the spinal cord. What structure does number 1 indicate?
A. Epidural space
B. Pia mater
C. Subarachnoid space
D. Central canal
E. Dura mater
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Question 3) Which of these spinal nerve counts is incorrect?
A. Thoracic nerves = 8 pairs
B. Cervical nerves = 8 pairs
C. Lumbar nerves = 5 pairs
D. Sacral nerves = 5 pairs
E. Coccygeal nerves = 1 pair
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Question 4) The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the
A. posterior root ganglion.
B. anterior funiculus.
C. gray commissure.
D. anterior horn.
E. posterior funiculus.
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Question 5) When the Achilles tendon is tapped or the bottom of the foot is stroked, the reflexive response is that the foot
A. plantar flexes.
B. dorsiflexes.
C. inverts.
D. everts.
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Question 6) The Golgi tendon reflex
A. helps to overcome pain.
B. aids in sending sensory information to the muscles.
C. prevents skeletal muscles from tensing excessively.
D. prevents muscles from contracting.
E. helps to gain balance through a complex series of muscular contractions.
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Question 7) For many reflexes, including the stretch reflex, the excitation of a muscle leads to
A. excitation of all motorneurons that are contralateral.
B. inhibition of motor neurons of its antagonist.
C. inhibition of motor neurons of its synergist.
D. excitation of motor neurons of the antagonist.
E. inhibition of sensory neurons that initiate the reflex.
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Question 8) This figure shows a cross section of the spinal cord. What structure does number 2 indicate?
A. Lateral horn
B. Anterior horn
C. Gray commissure
D. Posterior horn
E. Posterior funiculus
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Question 9) A diminished reflex response that may indicate damage to a segment of the spinal cord is a(n) _____ reflex.
A. hypoactive
B. hyperactive
C. diminutive
D. ponderous
E. excessive
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Question 10) The adult spinal cord extends inferiorly from the brain through the vertebral canal and ends at the level of the _____ vertebra.
A. S4
B. L1
C. L6
D. S1
E. T8
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