The process of obtaining the same score for a student on a particular test is:

1)  c

2)  d

3)  a

4)  c

5)  d

6)  List three strategies that might help to create a healthy psychosocial environment in the classroom?
_ Encourage exploration and questioning
_ Support failures as learning opportunities
_ Share laughter with students
_ Provide students with opportunities to make choices and to learn from them
_ Teach students to work and play with their peers
_ Model and reinforce appropriate social interactions with peers and adults.
_ Provide opportunities for students to evaluate the social atmosphere of the classroom.
_ Refine teaching and learning opportunities based on feedback from the students.
_ Use logical and natural consequences to help your students learn to manage their own behavior
_ Model the management of your own emotions so that your students can learn to communicate effectively
and appropriately even in times of emotional distress
_ Use your role with your students to promote communication that respects their feelings and abilities
_ Evaluate the effectiveness of your systems at least twice during the school year by asking for feedback
from students and their families
_ Respond to issues that emerge from the feedback and change your system if necessary

7)  Briefly illustrate what a student profile might look like for Stages A, B and C ?
Students operating in Stage A are tied to external sources of reinforcement and value. They hear the voice of
the authority figure or the community more loudly than they hear their own. They evaluate their activities
and behavior using the frame of the community. Students in Stage B understand that rules, rewards and
consequences are constructed rather than imposed. They want to negotiate and to individually tailor rules
that will support their own goals. Students in Stage C are altruistic. They are willing to set aside their own
needs for the good of the group.

8)  List the four patterns of behavior developed in categorizing the problem behaviors disrupting the learning
opportunities in the classroom?
1. Hyperactivity, distractibility, and impassivity
2. Aggression
3. Withdrawal and immaturity
4. Socialized aggression

9)  Briefly discuss the behaviorist idea of operant conditioning as developed by Skinner.
One way that behavior emerges and is maintained is through the processes of reinforcement and punishment
(Skinner, 1969; Sulzer-Azaroff & Mayer, 1991). This is called operant conditioning. In the operant world,
reinforcement consists of the events, feelings, and thoughts that occur immediately after a behavior is
produced and cause the behavior to continue or increase.

10)  T

Helps a lot