The symbol G is used to represent
a. the acceleration of gravity
b. the universal gravitational constant
c. grams
d. gravity
e. none of the above
[Ques. 2] What helps explain the fact that neutrons rather than protons make the nucleus of a heavier element more stable?
a. The gravitational force of the neutrons attracts all other nucleons, but a proton can also repel other nucleons with the same charge.
b. The weak force in the nucleus of a heavy element is balanced by the presence of more neutrons.
c. The strong force for between a neutron and another nucleon is much stronger than between a proton and a proton.
d. The strong force exerted by both neutrons and protons acts between neighboring nucleons, while the electrostatic repulsion between protons has longer range.
e. The strong force increases as the element gets heavier, which makes it harder for protons to join the nucleus.
[Ques. 3] A body on the surface of the earth weighs 400 lb. The radius of the earth is about 4,000 miles. If this same body were placed on a 4,000 mile high tower, its weight would be
a. 100 lbs
b. 200 lbs
c. 400 lbs
d. 800 lbs
e. 16,000 lbs
[Ques. 4] Suppose a nucleus has 50 protons and 50 neutrons. This places the nucleus to the right of the line of stability; therefore, it will most likely undergo radioactive decay. Given its place on the plot, what are the most likely types of radioactive decay?
a. Alpha decay.
b. Beta plus decay and electron capture.
c. All of the above.
d. Gamma emission.
e. None of the above, because the nucleus is stable.
[Ques. 5] Which statement is incorrect? The gravitational force on an orbiting satellite due to the earth
a. aims toward the center of the earth
b. depends on the earth's mass
c. depends on the satellite's mass
d. depends on the distance between the earth and the satellite
e. none of the above
[Ques. 6] When a neutron and proton combine to form a deuteron, a 2.2 million electron volt gamma ray is emitted. What does this indicate about the binding energy of the deuterium nucleus?
a. Its binding energy is negative, i.e., it is unstable.
b. It has a small binding energy.
c. Its binding energy is about 2.2 million electron volts.
d. The deuterium nucleus is slightly more massive than the sum of the proton and neutron masses, because of energy mass equivalence.
e. The deuterium nucleus contains 2.2 million electron volts more energy than the separated neutron and proton.
[Ques. 7] As a space shuttle is launched into orbit, the direction of its acceleration
a. always points upward
b. always points downward
c. varies between pointing upward and pointing downward
d. stays constant
[Ques. 8] What is the weak force?
a. Another name for the nuclear force (i.e., the n-n, n-p, p-p) force.
b. The gravitational force at the nuclear level.
c. A nuclear force much weaker than gravitational forces.
d. The force involved in beta decay.
e. The force holding electrons to nuclei.
[Ques. 9] A body is oscillating up and down at the end of a spring. Let's consider when the body is at the top of its up and down motion. A heavy truck hits a small car. At any given time during the impact,
a. the force the truck exerts on the car is larger than the force the car exerts on the truck
b. the force the truck exerts on the car is smaller than the force the car exerts on the truck
c. the force the truck exerts on the car is equal to the force the car exerts on the truck
d. the only force present is the force of the truck on the car
[Ques. 10] The nuclear force is:
a. weaker than the electromagnetic force.
b. almost independent of charge.
c. long range.
d. stronger with positively charged particles.
e. always negatively charged.
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