An element is emitting alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Rank order them in terms of the thickness of protective shielding they will need for safety, from least to most.
a. alpha, beta and gamma
b. gamma, beta and alpha
c. beta, gamma and alpha
d. alpha, gamma and beta
[Ques. 2] The fact that the binding energy per nucleon does not depend very strongly on the volume of the nucleus indicates that
a. the strong nuclear force saturates.
b. nucleons don't move throughout the nucleus.
c. all nuclei have the same volume.
d. the radius of a nucleus is directly proportional to the number of nucleons.
[Ques. 3] If the stable nuclei are plotted with neutron number vs. proton number, the curve formed by the stable nuclei does not follow the line N = Z. This is predicted by examining how the binding energy is influenced by
a. the volume of the nucleus.
b. the size of the nuclear surface.
c. the Coulomb repulsion.
d. the proton-neutron mass difference.
[Ques. 4] The mass of 238U is not quite an integer multiple of 1H mass. This is primarily because
a. the proton and neutron have different masses.
b. there are several isotopes of uranium.
c. of the binding energy of uranium.
d. uranium is radioactive.
[Ques. 5] The binding energy of a nucleus is equal to
a. the energy needed to remove one of the nucleons.
b. the average energy with which any nucleon is bound in the nucleus.
c. the energy needed to separate all the nucleons from each other.
d. the mass of the nucleus times c2.
[Ques. 6] What is the binding energy per nucleon of 197Au (atomic number = 79)? (The following information regarding atomic masses will be needed: 197Au, 196.966 543 u; hydrogen, 1.007 825 u; neutron, 1.008 665 u; also 1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)
a. 931 MeV
b. 745 MeV
c. 7.92 MeV
d. 1870 MeV
[Ques. 7] What energy must be added or given off in a reaction where two hydrogen atoms and two neutrons are combined to form a helium atom? (Atomic masses for each: hydrogen, 1.007 825 u; neutron, 1.008 665 u; helium, 4.002 602 u; also, 1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)
a. 74.85 MeV added
b. 74.85 MeV given off
c. 28.30 MeV given off
d. 28.30 MeV added
[Ques. 8] Certain stars at the end of their lives are thought to collapse combining their protons and electrons together to form a neutron star. Such a star could be thought of as a giant atomic nucleus. If a star of mass equal to that of the Sun (M = 1.99 1030 kg) collapsed into neutrons (mn = 1.67 1027 kg), what would be the radius of such a star? (Hint: r = r0A1/3, where r0 = 1.20 1015 m).
a. 25.4 km
b. 18.7 km
c. 12.7 km
d. 6.40 km
[Ques. 9] Neglecting recoil of the gold nucleus, how much kinetic energy must an alpha particle (charge = 2 1.6 1019 C) have to approach to within 5.70 1014 m of a gold nucleus (charge = 79 1.6 1019 C)? (ke = 8.99 109 Nm2/C2 and 1 MeV = 1.6 1013 J)
a. 4.4E10 MeV
b. 1.1E+1 MeV
c. 2.0E+0 MeV
d. 4.0E+0 MeV
e. 5.0E2 MeV
[Ques. 10] The molecular mass for chlorine is not an integer multiple of the molecular mass of hydrogen but is about 35.5 times the molecular mass of hydrogen. This is primarily because
a. the proton and neutron have different masses.
b. there are different isotopes of chlorine.
c. of the binding energy of the chlorine nucleus.
d. the chlorine nucleus has 35.5 nucleons.
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