Which of the following measurements may be helpful in the assessment of recovery during ECLS?
A. activated clotting times less than 200 seconds
B. dynamic compliance of 0.8 ml/cm H2O or greater
C. oxygenation index of less than 40
D. PEEP of 10 cm H2O or less
Q. 2 A pediatric patient who has had a metabolic acidosis, an inotropic agent, and CPR soon before undergoing ECLS is most likely to experience which of the following complications?
A. hemorrhage
B. clot formation
C. gastrointestinal complications
D. central nervous system complications
Q. 3 During adult venoarterial bypass ECLS, which vessels or heart chambers are commonly cannulated to feed venous blood from the patient's body to the pump, and to return arterial blood to the patient?
A. venous feed = right atrium; arterial return = aortic arch
B. venous feed = inferior vena cava; arterial return = subclavian artery
C. venous feed = internal jugular vein; arterial return = aortic arch
D. venous feed = right atrium; arterial return = subclavian artery
Q. 4 Which of the following complications of ECLS is the most common?
A. anticoagulation
B. hypotensive injury to organs
C. hemorrhage
D. clot formation
Q. 5 A neonatal patient is receiving venovenous bypass ECLS and suddenly develops cardiac insufficiency. What should the therapist recommend for this patient at this time?
A. Increase the patient's fluid volume.
B. Administer an antihypertensive medication.
C. Provide inotropic drugs.
D. Institute HFV with inhaled nitric oxide.
Q. 6 During neonatal and pediatric venoarterial bypass ECLS, which vessels or heart chambers are commonly cannulated to feed venous blood from the patient's body to the pump, and to return arterial blood to the patient?
A. venous feed = inferior vena cava; arterial return = subclavian artery
B. venous feed = right atrium; arterial return = left atrium
C. venous feed = right atrium; arterial return = common carotid artery
D. venous feed = internal jugular vein; arterial return = common carotid artery
Q. 7 For patients who have cardiac dysfunction, when is ECLS generally performed?
A. in the postoperative period when the patient is receiving high-frequency ventilation
B. in the postoperative period when the patient cannot be supported on HFV with protective lung strategies
C. in the postoperative period when the patient cannot be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass
D. anytime when the rigid ECLS criteria for cardiac patients are met
Q. 8 Which of the following terms defines nearly complete cardiopulmonary bypass that supports both cardiac and pulmonary functions?
A. venovenous bypass
B. venoarterial bypass
C. intravascular oxygenation
D. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
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