A patient who has had traumatic brain injury enters the emergency department, and receives a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 6. What should the therapist do for this patient at this time?
A. Provide oxygenation only.
B. Oxygenate and maintain bronchial hygiene.
C. Secure the airway, intubate, and mechanically ventilate.
D. Secure the airway, oxygenate, and perform bronchial hygiene.
Q. 2 What is the alleged benefit of using heliox mixtures to ventilate patients who have severe airway obstruction?
A. A lower tidal volume is generally needed.
B. The adverse effects of applied PEEP tend to be less.
C. Lung emptying is sometimes facilitated.
D. Ventilators often operate better when heliox mixtures are used as the source gas.
Q. 3 Which of the following statements apply to the use of extrinsic PEEP for the purpose of minimizing auto-PEEP? I. Adding extrinsic PEEP requires less effort on behalf of the patient to trigger a breath. II. The addition of extrinsic PEEP only affects breathing circuit pressure and pressure in the airways. III. The use of extrinsic PEEP increases pulmonary compliance throughout the lungs.
A. I, II only
B. I, IV only
C. I, II, III only
D. I, II, IV only
Q. 4 While mechanically ventilating a patient who has obstructive airway disease, the therapist observes the patient contracting his inspiratory muscles, but notices no ventilator activity. The flow-time scalar indicates that the expiratory flow returns to baseline before the next inspiration begins. What should the therapist do at this time?
A. Add 2 to 5 cm H2O of extrinsic PEEP, and evaluate the patient's response.
B. Increase the inspiratory flow, and observe the patient's reaction.
C. Increase the delivered tidal volume, and assess how the patient reacts.
D. Sedate and paralyze the patient to gain control of the mechanical ventilation.
Q. 5 Why is the use of applied PEEP generally not necessary for patients who require mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure caused by airflow obstruction?
A. because PEEP will have little affect on the oxygenation of these type patients
B. because PEEP tends to overdistend obstructed regions of the lungs
C. because PEEP will unnecessarily prolong the expiratory time
D. because PEEP will significantly reduce the delivered tidal volume
Q. 6 The scalars depicted here are flow, volume, airway pressure, and esophageal pressure. They were obtained from a patient receiving pressure-controlled ventilation. What problem is depicted by these ventilator graphics?
A. inverse I:E ratio ventilation
B. alveolar overdistention
C. decreased lung compliance
D. trigger dyssynchrony
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