Which of the following is least likely to indicate the need for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the acute care setting?
a. Paradoxical breathing
b. Jugular venous distention
c. Respiratory rate more than 25/min
d. Use of accessory muscles
Q. 2 Which of the following are indications to use noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with nocturnal hypoventilation?
1. PaCO2 greater than 55 mm Hg
2. More than two hospitalizations related to hypercapnic respiratory failure
3. PaCO2 greater than 65 mm Hg
4. PaCO2 between 50 and 54 mm Hg with nocturnal desaturation
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 4 only
d. 1, 3, and 4 only
Q. 3 Which of the following groups of patients with nocturnal hypoventilation respond to noninvasive ventilation (NIV)?
a. Hypoxic
b. Hypercapnic
c. Acidotic
d. Hypocapnic
Q. 4 Which of the following findings are exclusion criteria for using noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the patient with acute respiratory failure?
1. Apnea
2. Hemodynamic or cardiac instability
3. Low risk of aspiration
4. Lack of cooperation by the patient
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
Q. 5 How does noninvasive ventilation (NIV) benefit the patient with restrictive thoracic disease? 1. It rests the respiratory muscles. 2. It lowers the PaCO2. 3. It improves lung compliance. 4. It improves pulmonary function testing.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 4 only
d. 1, 3, and 4 only
Q. 6 Which of the following are benefits of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in postopera-tive major abdominal surgery? 1. Lower mortality 2. Lower intubation rate 3. Lower incidence of pneumonia 4. Lower rate of sepsis
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
Q. 7 Which of the following are potential benefits of using noninvasive ventilation (NIV) during weaning?
1. Reduced length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay
2. Reduced incidence of nosocomial pneumonia
3. Reduced mortality rate
4. Reduced incidence of pulmonary embolism
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
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