Which of the following patients are at greatest risk for developing auto-PEEP during mechanical ...

Which of the following patients are at greatest risk for developing auto-PEEP during mechanical ventilation?
 
  a. Those with acute lung injury
  b. Those with COPD
  c. Those with congestive heart failure
  d. Those with bilateral pneumonia

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Q. 2  Which of the following is the normal alveolar-to-arterial difference for a 56-year-old female in the emergency department?
 
  a. 12 mm Hg
  b. 14 mm Hg
  c. 16 mm Hg
  d. 18 mm Hg

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Q. 3  In intubated patients, what do sources of increased imposed work of breathing include? 1. Endotracheal tube 2. Ventilator circuit 3. Auto-PEEP
 
  a. 1 and 2 only
  b. 1 and 3 only
  c. 2 and 3 only
  d. 1, 2, and 3

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Q. 4  Which of the following modes of ventilatory support would you recommend for a hypoxemic patient with congestive heart failure?
 
  a. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
  b. Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
  c. Inverse-ratio pressure-control ventilation (PCV)
  d. High-level pressure support ventilation (PSV)

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Q. 5  Which of the following modes of ventilatory support would you recommend for a severely hy-poxemic patient with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
 
  a. Continuous positive airway pressure
  b. High VT volume-cycled ventilation
  c. Pressure-controlled ventilation
  d. Bilevel pressure support by mask