While palpating the chest of a patient who repeats the words ninety-nine, you note an area of increased tactile fremitus over the left lower lobe. Which of the following could explain this finding?
1. Pneumothorax
2. Emphysema
3. Pneumonia
4. Pleural effusions
a. 2 only
b. 1 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 4
d. 3 only
Q. 2 Which of the following would cause an increase in tactile fremitus?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Pneumonia
c. Emphysema
d. Pneumothorax
Q. 3 What is indicated by the breathing pattern known as abdominal paradox?
a. Obstructive lung disease
b. Restrictive lung disease
c. Heart failure
d. Diaphragm fatigue
Q. 4 While observing a patient's breathing, you note that the depth and rate first increase, then de-crease, followed by a period of apnea. Which of the following are potential causes of this abnor-mality?
1. Central nervous system disorder
2. Congestive heart failure
3. Metabolic acidosis
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
Q. 5 What term is used to describe the breathing pattern seen in COPD patients in whom the lower costal margins of the chest wall draw inward with each inspiration?
a. Hoover's sign
b. Kussmaul's sign
c. Abdominal paradox sign
d. Respiratory alternans sign
Q. 6 What breathing pattern is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
a. Kussmaul breathing
b. Apneustic breathing
c. Biot's breathing
d. Apnea
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