Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.01, PCO2 = ...

(Answer to Q. 1)  ANS: C
A combined disturbance is one in which both respiratory and metabolic disturbances exist, which promote the same acid-base disturbance. For the following arterial blood gas results: a pH value of 7.01, a PaCO2 value of 71 mm Hg, and an HCO3 value of 16.3 mEq/L. The pH indicates acidemia, consistent with both the high PaCO2 and the decreased HCO3. This is a combined ac-idosis, indicating that the patient has two primary acid-base problems (i.e., respiratory and meta-bolic alkalosis combined). Therefore, compensation is not possible.

(Answer to Q. 2)  ANS: B
A combined disturbance is one in which both respiratory and metabolic disturbances exist, which promote the same acid-base disturbance. For example, consider the following arterial blood gas results: a pH value of 7.62, a PaCO2 value of 32 mm Hg, and an HCO3 value of 29 mEq/L. The pH indicates alkalemia, consistent with both the low PaCO2 and the elevated HCO3. This is a combined alkalosis, indicating that the patient has two primary acid-base problems (i.e., respira-tory and metabolic alkalosis combined). Therefore, compensation is not possible.

(Answer to Q. 3)  ANS: A

(Answer to Q. 4)  ANS: B
Plugging the ABG values supplied into the H-H equation results in a pH of 7.33 which indicate the gas is accurate as the value should be within 0.03 of the recorded pH.

(Answer to Q. 5)  ANS: B
In cases of acute (uncompensated) respiratory acidosis, the BE commonly would be within the normal range, indicating correctly that the disturbance is purely respiratory in origin.

(Answer to Q. 6)  ANS: B
The patient's pH is normal so either the gas is normal or fully compensated. As the PCO2 and HCO3 are both low, a fully compensated state exists. As the pH is on the low side of normal the fully compensated disorder would be acidosis. This would be caused by a low HCO3 or a high PCO2. In this case a low HCO3. The low PCO2 is compensating for this metabolic acidosis.

(Answer to Q. 7)  ANS: C
The patient's pH is normal so either the gas is normal or fully compensated. As the PCO2 and HCO3 are both high, a fully compensated state exists. As the pH is on the low side of normal the fully compensated disorder would be acidosis. This would be caused by a low HCO3 or a high PCO2 in this case a high PCO2. The high HCO3 is compensating for this respiratory acido-sis.

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