Systematic desensitization is used by behavior therapists to help clients suffering from which problem?
A. phobia
B. anxiety
C. shyness
D. an undesirable behavior, such as a bad habit
Question 2The conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in Watson and Rayner's experiment with a baby known as Little Albert were, respectively,
A. a white rat and a slap on the wrist.
B. a loud noise and crying.
C. fear responses and a loud noise.
D. a white rat and a loud noise.
Question 3Aversion therapy is based on which concept?
A. Negative reinforcement
B. Punishment
C. Shaping
D. Classical conditioning
Question 4Watson paired a loud noise with the appearance of a white rat to create a fear of the animal in a boy known as Little Albert. Watson performed this experiment to demonstrate that
A. phobias can develop through classical conditioning.
B. phobias can develop through operant conditioning.
C. learning can take place in the absence of language skills.
D. behaviors can be conditioned in children as young as 11 months old.
Question 5From Bandura's research on observational learning in children we can conclude that whether a child performs an aggressive act depends on
A. the amount of social encouragement the child has received to be aggressive.
B. how extremely aggressive the behavior is.
C. whether the model's behavior is reinforced or punished.
D. whether the model is the child's parent.
Question 6According to Bandura, we learn many behaviors by observing models. Whether or not we perform these behaviors depends on
A. our expectations for rewards and punishments.
B. the reinforcement value of the rewards.
C. generalized expectancies.
D. whether we are children or adults.
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