Horney spoke of the impact of birth order, arguing that personality is influenced by our position in ...

(Answer to Q. 1)  ANS: F
FEEDBACK: Horney believed that the culture in which we grow up can produce different effects, such as those she found in the different kinds of neuroses exhibited by her German and her American patients. Adler spoke of the impact of birth order, arguing that personality is influenced by our position in the family relative to our siblings.

(Answer to Q. 2)  ANS: T
FEEDBACK: What we inherit are predispositions, not destinies; tendencies, not certainties. Whether our genetic predispositions are realized depends on social and environmental conditions, particularly those of childhood.

(Answer to Q. 3)  ANS: A
FEEDBACK: The emotional unconscious as Freud envisioned itthe startling idea that signaled the formal beginning of the study of personalityremains the least understood factor and still very much what it was in Freud's time, mysterious and inaccessible.

(Answer to Q. 4)  ANS: D
FEEDBACK: The text discussed the Mommy and I are one study about how subliminal presentation of certain stimuli influenced cognitive as well as emotional responses (Silverman & Weinberger, 1985). The subliminal stimuli had therapeutic value even though the subjects had no conscious awareness of the actual messages.

(Answer to Q. 5)  ANS: B
FEEDBACK: One method for studying the non-conscious involves subliminal activation, in which various stimuli are presented to subjects below their level of conscious awareness. Despite the subjects' inability to perceive the stimuli, their conscious processes and behaviors can be activated by those stimuli.

(Answer to Q. 6)  ANS: A
FEEDBACK: The rational unconscious is often referred to as the non-conscious, to distinguish it from Freud's unconscious, his so-called dark cauldron of repressed wishes and desires. Contemporary researchers focus on unconscious cognitive processes and describe them as more rational than emotional.

(Answer to Q. 7)  ANS: B
FEEDBACK: The modern depiction of the unconscious is not the same as Freud's view. Contemporary researchers focus on unconscious cognitive processes and describe them as more rational than emotional.

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