_____ believed that personality was shaped and fixed by the age of 5.
a. Jung
c. Fromm
b. Freud
d. Horney
Question 2Researchers who subscribe to the primacy of _____ factors in personality tend to minimize or reject the parental effect.
a. learning
c. social
b. environmental
d. genetic
Question 3Which of the following is true about the major controversy that erupted in the late 1990s about the effect parental behaviors have on the child's personality?
a. It was proposed that peers influence a child's personality more than parents do.
c. It was proposed that the behavior of the parents reflects the behavior of the children and not the other way round.
b. It was found that a child's personality development is negatively impacted when the parents are not the primary caregivers.
d. It was found that in individualistic cultures, the style of parenting was changing from authoritarian to authoritative.
Question 4In Israel, in studies of children reared in collective child-care arrangements, the primary responsibility for child care in communal settlements is assigned to _____.
a. a grandmother or a grandfather
c. the father
b. a professional caregiver
d. the mother
Question 5In a national longitudinal survey of children ages 3 to 12, no significant problems with self-esteem were found in children when mothers:
a. were single.
c. became volunteers at school.
b. parented strictly.
d. worked outside the home.
Question 6A longitudinal study in the United States found that adults high in conformity and low in self-direction had parents who were _____ during their childhood.
a. cold and restrictive
c. depressed and psychotic
b. aggressive and anxious
d. extroverted and demonstrative
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