Describe how the idea of the self became the core of Rogers's theory of personality. What will ...

(Answer to Q. 1)  ANS: William Kell, one of Rogers's students, attempted to predict the behavior of delinquent children. Rogers predicted that the factors of family environment and social interactions (external factors) would correlate most strongly with delinquent behavior, but he was wrong. The factor that most accurately predicted later behavior was self-insight.
He was surprised to learn that family environment did not relate highly to later delinquent behavior. Two years later, Helen McNeil replicated the study using a different group of subjects and got results similar to those of Kell. A person's level of self-insight was the single most important predictor of behavior.
This time, faced with such an accumulation of data, Rogers accepted the findings and, on reflection, came to appreciate their significance.
Counselors traditionally focus on external factors such as a poor family environment and alter the circumstances by removing children from a threatening home situation and placing them in foster care. Instead, they should be trying to modify the children's self-insight. That realization was important to Rogers personally.
Thus, the idea of the self became the core of Rogers's theory of personality, as it had become the core of his own life.

(Answer to Q. 2)  ANS: Rogers decided to study agriculture at the University of Wisconsin. But following his sophomore year, he gave up the scientific study of agriculture to prepare for the ministry. In his junior year at Wisconsin, Rogers was selected to attend an international Christian student conference in Beijing, China. During his 6 months of travel, he wrote to his parents that his philosophy of life was changing. His religious views had swung from fundamentalist to liberal.
Freeing himself of his parents' ways grieved them, but brought him emotional and intellectual independence. He realized that he could think his own thoughts, come to his own conclusions, and take the stands he believed in. This liberation, and the confidence and direction it gave him, reinforced his opinion that all human beings must learn to rely on their own experiences, ideas, and beliefs.

(Answer to Q. 3)  ANS: F
FEEDBACK: Rogers's person-centered psychotherapy was fostered in the United States at the end of World War II (1945) in part by social circumstances. Veterans returning from service overseas needed help readjusting to civilian life. The result was a demand for psychologists and for a counseling technique they could master and put into practice quickly. Training in traditional psychoanalysis required a medical degree and a lengthy period of specialization. However, person-centered psychotherapy, wrote one analyst, was simple, informal, and brief, and it required little training.

(Answer to Q. 4)  ANS: T
FEEDBACK: Several studies provide support for Rogers's suggestion that incongruence between perceived self and ideal self indicates poor emotional adjustment. Researchers have concluded that the greater the discrepancy, the higher the anxiety, insecurity, self-doubt, depression, social incompetence, and other psychological disorders.

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