According to Cattell, which of the following statements is true of traits?

(Answer to Q. 1)  ANS: D
FEEDBACK: Cattell defined traits as relatively permanent reaction tendencies that are the basic structural units of the personality. To Cattell, traits are reaction tendencies, derived by the method of factor analysis, that are relatively permanent parts of the personality.

(Answer to Q. 2)  ANS: D
FEEDBACK: Cattell developed chronic digestive disorders from overwork, a deficient diet, and being forced to live in a cold basement apartment. His wife left him due to his poor economic prospects and total absorption in his work. He published more than 500 articles, as well as 43 books, a monumental accomplishment that reflected his dedication and perseverance.

(Answer to Q. 3)  ANS: C
FEEDBACK: Eight years after he earned his doctoral degree, Cattell received an opportunity to work full-time in his chosen field. The prominent American psychologist Edward L. Thorndike invited Cattell to spend a year at Thorndike's laboratory at Columbia University in New York.

(Answer to Q. 4)  ANS: A
FEEDBACK: Cattell began graduate studies at the University of London, working with the eminent psychologist-statistician Charles E. Spearman, who had developed the technique of factor analysis. Whereas Spearman had used factor analysis to measure mental abilities, Cattell resolved to apply the method to the structure of personality.

(Answer to Q. 5)  ANS: A
FEEDBACK: Cattell began graduate studies at the University of London, working with the eminent psychologist-statistician Charles E. Spearman, who had developed the technique of factor analysis. It was a courageous decision to make in 1924 because the field of psychology in England offered few professional opportunities and only six academic professorships in the entire country.

(Answer to Q. 6)  ANS: C
FEEDBACK: Cattell felt highly competitive with an older brother and wrote of the problems of maintaining his own freedom of development while confronted with this brother who could not be overcome. His parents had high, exacting standards of behavior for their children but were also permissive about how the children spent their spare time.

(Answer to Q. 7)  ANS: B
FEEDBACK: Cattell referred to these factors as traits, which he defined as the mental elements of the personality. Only when we know someone's traits can we predict how that person will behave in a given situation.

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