According to the textbook, the flip side of helplessness for humans is
a. assertiveness.
b. efficacy.
c. personal control.
d. mania.
Question 2Seligman and Maiers theoretical explanation for the inability of the dogs in their Inescapable Shock condition to learn a new escape route was that they
a. had learned in the training phase that there was nothing they could do to avoid shocks.
b. had suffered brain damage from the shocks during the training phase.
c. were depressed from the training phase, which made them amotivational.
d. had learned that escape also resulted in shock so they were left with no viable behavior to avoid shock.
Question 3Seligman and Maier used a(n) _____________ design to test whether the controllability of the shock, rather than the shock itself, caused the helplessness.
a. integrated
b. triadic
c. double-blind
d. controlled
Question 4In almost any situation, such as a school or long-term care facility, the way to avoid learned helplessness in the children or residents is to allow them
a. control, especially over potentially aversive situations.
b. plenty of positive feedback.
c. carefully controlled activities that avoid danger and threat.
d. There is no way to avoid learned helplessness in institutions.
Question 5In Seligman and Maiers 1967 experiment with dogs they used three conditions. Each of the following is a brief description of one of those conditions EXCEPT
a. Escapable Shock followed by Inescapable Shock.
b. Escapable Shock.
c. Inescapable Shock.
d. Experimental Control
Question 6The termed coined by Overmier and Seligman to describe the experience of dogs or humans exposed to an aversive situation over which they had no control was
a. depression.
b. amotivational.
c. anxious.
d. learned helplessness.
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