In order to keep optimal flow through the urinary system, a person should have a minimum daily ...

In order to keep optimal flow through the urinary system, a person should have a minimum daily intake of how many mL of fluid?
 
  a. 1000 mL
  b. 1500 mL
  c. 2000 mL
  d. 4000 mL

Question 2

The nurse explains that exposure to a pathogen stimulates the macrophages to migrate to the area of infection to ingest and destroy the pathogen. This statement describes which process?
 
  a. Pathogen neutralization
  b. Immune response
  c. Antibody action
  d. Phagocytosis

Question 3

When does premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occur?
 
  a. The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
  b. The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
  c. The dismantling stage of the menstrual cycle
  d. The proliferative stage of the stage of the menstrual cycle

Question 4

How can nephrotoxic drugs such as doxycycline and rifampin cause kidney damage?
 
  a. Bacterial destruction of the nephrons
  b. Chemical alterations of glomeruli
  c. Necrosis of tubules from reduction of oxygenation
  d. Clumping of cellular debris from killed bacteria

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a 75-year-old patient with a history of diabetes and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The nurse observes an inflamed and excoriated area on the patient's right shin. Which intervention should the nurse perform first?
 
  a. Document the findings.
  b. Review the patient's diet.
  c. Notify the primary care provider.
  d. Cover with clear occlusive dressing.

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing diabetes-related visual changes. Which statement indicates that the patient accurately understands the nurse's teaching about the cause of vision changes in diabetes?
 
  a. Long-term exposure to high glucose le-vels can damage the blood vessels in my retina.
  b. Frequent injections of regular insulin damage the cornea.
  c. High glucose levels cause increase pres-sure in my eyes that leads to lens opacity.
  d. Diabetes affects healing and causes fre-quent eye infections.

Question 7

The nurse uses a visual aid to demonstrate how which antibody attaches to the antigen to clear the pathogen from the body?
 
  a. IgA
  b. IgD
  c. IgG
  d. IgM