Which of the following is true concerning adjustment of diopters during funduscopic exam?

The answer to question 1  ANS: B
As the dial on the ophthalmoscope is moved counterclockwise, the diopters shift from positive to negative. Because the more negative diopters direct the focus posteriorly, by moving from the positive to negative diopters, your focus will shift from the anterior eye to the posterior eye, retina, and optic disk.

The answer to question 2  ANS: B
Amaurosis fugax is a monocular, transient loss of vision. It stems from transient ischemia of the retina and presents an important warning sign for impending stroke. Depending on the circumstances reported, the patient should be immediately referred to either a cardiovascular or neurological specialist.

The answer to question 3  ANS: A
The most common forms of visual impairment are refractive errors. In fact, over 150 million Americans are reported to use corrective lenses for refractive errors.

The answer to question 4  ANS: B
Gonococcus or Chlamydia trachomatis are sexually transmitted infections that can cause pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. Epstein-Barr virus causes infectious mononucleosis, which is not regarded as a sexually transmitted infection. Strep throat is pharyngitis caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococcus. Streptococcal pharyngitis is not a sexually transmitted infection.

The answer to question 5  ANS: B
The most common malignancies of the head and neck are squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx, palatine tonsil, and hypopharynx. More than 80 of patients with these cancers have a history of tobacco and/or EtOH use or abuse.

The answer to question 6  ANS: D
Cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy are often the presenting complaints of lymphoma and generally precede systemic symptoms, which include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.

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