The nurse places the patient in traction. Expected outcomes would include which of the following? ...

The answer to question 1

B
Expected outcomes would include verbalization of increased comfort after traction application and rating of pain as 4 or lower on a scale of 0 to 10 since injured tissues and bone are stabilized. Evidence of callus may not become apparent for 7 to 10 days or longer. Sufficient time in traction (varying from 1 to 10 or more days) elicits symptom relief. It takes time for inflammation to decrease and tissues to regain more normal function. Neurovascular status should remain stable. Distal skin tissue remains warm and of a normal color with capillary refill of 3 seconds or less.

The answer to question 2

A
Four-point gait is the most stable of crutch gaits because it provides at least three points of support at all times. The patient must be able to bear weight on both legs. Each leg is moved alternately with each opposing crutch, so that three points of support are on the floor all the time. This gait is often used when the patient has some form of paralysis, such as for spastic children with cerebral palsy. This is less stable than four-point gait because it requires the patient to bear all weight on one foot. Weight is borne on the uninvolved leg and then on both crutches. The affected leg does not touch the ground during the early phase of three-point gait. This gait may be useful for patients with a broken leg or a sprained ankle. This is less stable than four-point gait because it requires at least partial weight bearing on each foot. It is faster than four-point gait and requires better balance because only two points support the body at any one time. This is the easier of the two swinging gaits. It is less stable than four-point gait because it requires the ability to partially bear body weight on both legs. This gait is frequently used by patients whose lower extremities are paralyzed, or who wear weight-supporting braces on their legs.

The answer to question 3

B
When preparing an air mattress/overlay, bring any plastic strips or flaps around the corners of the bed mattress. This secures the air mattress in place. Apply a deflated mattress flat over the surface of the bed mattress. The decision to administer analgesic would be based on the patient's condition rather than on the procedure. Pins and other sharps should not be used, to avoid puncturing an air mattress.

The answer to question 4

A
Support surfaces aid in reducing pressure on the patient's skin. Promoting patient comfort may happen, but it is not the primary purpose of the support mattress. A support mattress does not increase patient circulation, nor does it facilitate patient movement.

The answer to question 5

ischemia
Inadequate tissue perfusion results in inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells, a condition called ischemia . This is caused by constriction of vessels or by occlusion (blockage) from clot formation.

The answer to question 6

C
Frequent repositioning, which temporarily relieves pressure, is the backbone of preventive protocols. It is the nurse's responsibility to use appropriate turning schedules for patients in bed or on a chair. No bed or mattress totally eliminates the need for competent nursing care.

The answer to question 7

Smoking
Smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, heart disease, and chronic lung disease (emphysema and chronic bronchitis). Smoking accounts for 29 of all lung cancer deaths in the United States.

The answer to question 8

C
Buck's extension provides temporary immobilization of a hip fracture until open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) can be performed. It also reduces muscle spasms, contractures, and dislocations and occasionally is used as an interim treatment for lumbosacral muscle spasms that cause low back pain. Bryant's traction (called Gallows in England) is no longer used because of the risk for gravitational vascular draining of the extremities and the possible tourniquet effect of bandages, triggering vasospasms and avascular necrosis. Dunlop's traction is a simultaneous horizontal form of Buck's extension to the humerus with an accompanying vertical Buck's extension to the forearm.

Great answers, all of them were right