The nurse is preparing teaching material for a group of young adults about measures that can help ...

The answer to question 1

Answer: 4

1. Sodium in food will not necessarily dispose clients to PVD.
2. Decreasing fat and cholesterol should begin in childhood, especially if there is a family history of PVD.
3. Smoking should be avoided altogether.
4. A healthy weight will help promote a healthy vascular system.

The answer to question 2

Answer: 3

1. Bacon is high in salt and fat.
2. Cheese is high in salt and fat. Whole milk is high in fat.
3. Lean hamburger, whole grains, and fresh fruits and vegetables are appropriate for a low-fat, low-sodium diet.
4. Ham and processed meats are high in sodium, as are most cookies.

The answer to question 3

Answer: 4

1. Trimming the nails carefully is not necessary, since the client is not on anticoagulants.
2. Visitors do not need to be limited, and in fact should be encouraged, to help decrease the client's anxiety.
3. The client with an aneurysm is not immunosuppressed, and needs only normal preventive interventions.
4. Since an aneurysm can rupture at any time, most clients have a great deal of anxiety. This can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and increase the blood pressure. The nurse should plan interventions to decrease anxiety as a priority of care.

The answer to question 4

Answer: 2

1. The client should be instructed not to hold the breath when defecating, because it increases abdominal pressure, which could cause the aneurysm to rupture.
2. The legs are kept flat because, if they were elevated, it could increase blood flow and put pressure on the aneurysm.
3. The client should be taught to report increased lumbar, abdominal, or groin pain, as it could be an indication of rupture.
4. Anticoagulants are not administered to a client prior to surgery, because of the risk of bleeding.

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