The nurse is reviewing pain medications prescribed for an older client. Which medications should the ...

The answer to question 1

Answer: 2, 4

1. Nalbuphine (Nubain) is used for moderate to severe pain and is not contraindicated for an older client.
2. Meperidine (Demerol) produces toxic metabolites with long half-lives, leading to toxicity in an older client.
3. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is used for mild pain and is not contraindicated for an older client.
4. Propoxyphene (Darvocet) produces toxic metabolites with long half-lives, leading to toxicity in an older client.
5. Buprenorphine (Buprenex) is used for moderate to severe pain and is not contraindicated for an older client.

The answer to question 2

Answer: 4

1. Religious beliefs can influence the use of pain medication; however, the behavior would be more stoic.
2. Socioeconomic status is not an indicator for use of pain medication.
3. Cultural beliefs can influence the use of pain medication; however, the behavior would be more stoic.
4. Fears of developing addiction or being labeled an addict prompt clients to refuse pain medications.

The answer to question 3

Answer: 4

1. In cases of chronic pain and cancer, the use of antidepressants, such as Elavil, some anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, and psychostimulants have been found to provide analgesia. Lisinopril (Zestril) is not an adjuvant medication for pain.
2. In cases of chronic pain and cancer, the use of antidepressants, such as Elavil, some anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, and psychostimulants have been found to provide analgesia. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is considered an NSAID for pain control.
3. In cases of chronic pain and cancer, the use of antidepressants, such as Elavil, some anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, and psychostimulants have been found to provide analgesia. Meperidine (Demerol) is in opioid medication used for pain control.
4. In cases of chronic pain and cancer, the use of antidepressants, such as Elavil, some anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, and psychostimulants have been found to provide analgesia.

The answer to question 4

Answer: 2

1. NSAIDs block the action of protective prostaglandins in the stomach and cause GI irritation and bleeding. They do not cause confusion and memory loss.
2. NSAIDs block the action of protective prostaglandins in the stomach and cause GI irritation and bleeding.
3. NSAIDs block the action of protective prostaglandins in the stomach and cause GI irritation and bleeding. Diarrhea and vomiting are not adverse effects of NSAIDs.
4. NSAIDs block the action of protective prostaglandins in the stomach and cause GI irritation and bleeding. Vertigo and syncope are not adverse effects of NSAIDs.

The answer to question 5

Answer: 1

1. Medication given by the intravenous route should begin working within 1-5 minutes.
2. Medication given by the intravenous route should begin working within 1-5 minutes.
3. Medication given by the intravenous route should begin working within 1-5 minutes.
4. Medication given by the intravenous route should begin working within 1-5 minutes.

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